Somaliland and Somalia were under British and Italian rule,
respectively, before they gained independence separately and entered into union
in 1st July 1960[i]. The union formed Somali Republic. The
main idea of the union was to bring all Somalis in the Horn of Africa under one
government to obliterate colonial legacy that divided Somali people into five,
namely Somaliland, Somalia, Djibouti, Northern Frontier District (now in Kenya)
and Hawd and Reserved Area (now in Ethiopia). As a result, Somali Republic went
war with Ethiopia twice. However, it failed to change colonial borders
recognized by the world as intact.
From 1960 to 1969 Somali Republic was administered by civilian
governments elected by the people. Unfortunately, on 21st October
1969, the civilian government was overthrown by military who ruled the country
in 21 years. Thousands of civilian people were massacred by the military in
Somaliland. The military regime was toppled in 1991 by popular struggle. Read More
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